Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: Magnesium ion influx reduces neuroinflammation in Aβ precursor protein/Presenilin 1 transgenic mice by suppressing the expression of interleukin-1β

doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.93

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of IL-1β in the brains of AD patients. The tissue blocks of human brains at a late stage of AD were collected from the New York Brain Bank at Columbia University. From 40 μm free-floating slices were prepared using a cryostat. (a) In select experiments, the brains of 3-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were collected after anesthesia and perfusion. (b) The slices of human (a) or mouse (b) brains were double-stained with NeuN, Iba-1, GFAP (green), or IL-1β (red) antibody before observation using confocal microscopy. In separate experiments, primary cultured astrocytes were immunostained with IL-1β antibody before observation under confocal microscopy. (c) In distinct experiments, the astrocytes were co-cultured with neurons using transwell experiments for 24 h before staining the neurons with IL-1β antibody. The cells were then observed under confocal microscopy. (d) These images are representative of six independent experiments, all with similar results.

Article Snippet: Iba-1, p-PPARγ (Ser 82) antibody was from Merck Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Cell Culture